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Uterine Fibroids

Uterine Fibroids

Uterine fibroids, also called leiomyomas or myomas, are non-cancerous growths that form in or on the uterus. They can vary in size—from tiny seedlings to large masses that distort the uterus.

Uterine fibroids are common but treatable. From conservative management to advanced minimally invasive procedures, many effective options are available. With proper care, most women can find relief and maintain a high quality of life.

Fibroids are very common, especially in women aged 30–50, and often shrink after menopause.

Types of Uterine Fibroids

Intramural Fibroids: Grow within the muscular wall of the uterus.
Subserosal Fibroids: Project outward from the uterine wall into the pelvic cavity.
Submucosal Fibroids: Grow into the uterine cavity; can cause heavy bleeding.
Pedunculated Fibroids: Attached to the uterus by a stalk.
Symptoms of Uterine Fibroids

Many fibroids cause no symptoms, but when they do, common signs include:

  • Heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding
  • Pelvic pain or pressure
  • Frequent urination or difficulty emptying bladder
  • Constipation
  • Pain during intercourse
  • Lower back pain
  • Difficulty getting pregnant

Note: The severity of symptoms often depends on the size, number, and location of fibroids.

Schedule an appointment if you experience:

  • Heavy or painful periods
  • Pelvic pressure or bloating
  • Difficulty getting pregnant

 

Frequent urination or constipation

The exact cause isn’t fully understood, but several factors contribute:

  • Hormones: Estrogen and progesterone promote fibroid growth.
  • Genetics: Family history increases risk.
  • Ethnicity: More common and severe in African-American women.
  • Lifestyle: Obesity, vitamin D deficiency, and high red meat consumption may raise risk.
  • Pelvic Exam: May reveal an enlarged or irregular uterus.
  • Ultrasound: Confirms presence, size, and location.
  • MRI: Provides detailed images for treatment planning.
  • Hysteroscopy/Sonohysterography: Used to view fibroids inside the uterus.

If fibroids are small and symptom-free, regular monitoring may be all that’s needed.

  • Hormonal birth control (to manage bleeding)
  • GnRH agonists (shrink fibroids temporarily)
  • Tranexamic acid (reduce menstrual bleeding)
  • Pain relievers for discomfort

Hysterectomy: Complete removal of the uterus; definitive solution, ends periods and fertility. (Link to LAVH) NOT LINKED

  • Uterine Fibroid Embolization (UFE): Blocks blood flow to fibroids.
  • MRI-Guided Focused Ultrasound: Uses sound waves to destroy fibroid tissue.
  • Myomectomy: Surgical removal of fibroids; uterus is preserved.

Other Related Ailments

Uterine prolapse

Endometriosis

Endometrial Cancer

FAQs About Uterine Fibroids

Are fibroids cancerous?

No. Fibroids are benign (non-cancerous). Rarely, a fibroid may develop into a cancerous tumor called leiomyosarcoma, but this is extremely uncommon.

Can fibroids affect fertility?

Yes, depending on their size and location. Submucosal fibroids especially can interfere with implantation or pregnancy.

Will fibroids go away after menopause?

In most cases, fibroids shrink after menopause due to lower hormone levels.

What’s the best treatment for fibroids?

It depends on your symptoms, age, desire for fertility, and fibroid size. Options range from medication to surgery.