Endourology focuses on treating conditions affecting the urinary tract system or male reproductive organs. It includes minimally invasive surgical techniques to treat patients with genitourinary problems, like stone disease or benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

Endourology refers to a specific area in urology in which minimally invasive surgical techniques are used to see into the urinary tract and perform surgery. 

Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is a common endourological procedure for BPH where a resectoscope (a specialized endoscope with an electrical loop for cutting tissue) is inserted into the urethra and is used to remove excess prostate tissue that is obstructing the flow of urine. 

Kidney stones, too, are extracted or fragmented using small endoscopes and instrumentation through areas such as the urethra, bladder, and ureter. In addition to removing kidney stones, surgeons can determine what causes them and help prevent new ones from forming. 

Most endoscopic procedures are done on an outpatient basis.